LISTENING SECTION
Listening 1 "Professor's Office”
Câu 1: Why does the man go to see his professor?
- A. To prepare for the next midterm
- B. To clarify a question from the midterm
- C. To find out his grade on the midterm
- D. To complain about his grade on the midterm
- A. He is giving something to the professor.
- B. He is trying to justify his position.
- C. He is apologizing because he does not understand.
- D. He is signaling that he will explain his problem.
- A. He did not finish the test within the time limit.
- B. He did not study enough before the test.
- C. He did not answer one question completely.
- D. He did not understand a major concept.
- A. A population that evolves differently does not have a common ancestor.
- B. A similar environment can affect the evolution of different species.
- C. A similar group that is separated may develop different characteristics.
- D. The climate of an area will allow scientists to predict the life forms.
- A. He will look for questions with several parts.
- B. He will read the entire test before he begins.
- C. He will ask for more time to finish.
- D. He will write an outline for each essay.
What is the main topic of this lecture?
- A. The process of fixing a photograph
- B. The problem of exposure time
- C. The experiments by Louis Daguerre
- D. The history of early photography
Câu 7. According to the professor, what two limitations were noted in Daguerre's process for developing and fixing latent images?
A. The photograph disappeared after a few minutes.
B. The images were very delicate and easily fell apart.
C. Multiple images could not be made from the plate.
D. The exposure time was still several hours long.
Điền 2 đáp án đúng vào đây: (7)
- A. He is trying to generate interest in the topic.
- B. He makes reference to a story in the textbook.
- C. He is not sure whether the information is accurate.
- D. He wants the students to use their imaginations.
- A. Copper powder
- B. Table salt
- C. Mercury vapor
- D. Hot water
- A. Most of them had originally been painters before they became interested in photography.
- B. Portrait photographers were in the highest demand since people wanted images of their families.
- C. There were only a few photographers who were willing to work in such a new profession.
- D. Some of them must have experienced health problems as a result of their laboratory work.
- A. From the least to the most important facts
- B. In a chronological sequence of events
- C. The order of the steps in the photographic process
- D. The advantages before the disadvantages
What is the discussion mainly about?
- A. The history of the English language
- B. Different types of grammar
- C. A linguistic perspective for Latin
- D. Standard language in schools
- A. He explains how to perform an easy experiment.
- B. He tells the class about his personal experience.
- C. He provides several examples of sentences.
- D. He contrasts it with non-native intuition.
Câu 14. What are two key problems for descriptive grammar?
A. The information is very complicated and subject to change.
B. The formal language must be enforced in all situations.
C. The language can be organized correctly in more than one way.
D. The description takes time because linguists must agree.
Điền 2 đáp án đúng vào đây: (14)
- A. She is disagreeing with the professor.
- B. She is confirming that she has understood.
- C. She is trying to impress the other students.
- D. She is adding information to the lecture.
- A. Latin was a written language with rules that did not change.
- B. The Romans had conquered England and enforced using Latin.
- C. English and Latin had many vocabulary words in common.
- D. English was taking the place of Latin among educated Europeans.
- A. It is a good example of the way that descriptive grammar is used.
- B. It shows the students how to use formal grammar in their speech.
- C. It is a way to introduce a humorous story into the lecture.
- D. It demonstrates the problem in using Latin rules for English
What is the purpose of this conversation?
- A. The woman is encouraging the man to be more serious about his studies.
- B. The woman is looking for alternatives to living in dormitory housing.
- C. The man is convincing the woman to join the International Student Association.
- D. The man is trying to find out why the woman didn't go to the talent show.
- A. He prefers the house to the dorm.
- B. He is living at the house to save money.
- C. He does not like doing chores at the house.
- D. He thinks that the house is very crowded.
- A. He is sorry that only women can join the club.
- B. He enjoys meeting people with different backgrounds.
- C. He wishes that they would have more activities.
- D. He will probably join the organization.
- A. She is trying to persuade the man.
- B. She is not sure that she understood.
- C. She is expressing doubt about the time.
- D. She is changing her mind about going.
- A. Join the club
- B. Eat at a restaurant
- C. Go to a meeting
- D. Study with the man
What is the discussion mainly about?
- A. Global marketing of food products
- B. International business in Europe
- C. Surprises in food preferences abroad
- D. Packaging food for exportation
- A. He compares domestic and foreign products.
- B. He relates the textbook to his professional experience.
- C. He refers to case studies from the textbook.
- D. He presents information from most to least important.
- A. She is asking the professor a question about his previous point.
- B. She is offering a possible answer to the professor's question.
- C. She is changing the subject of the class discussion.
- D. She is checking her comprehension of the professor's opinion.
- A. He gives students positive reinforcement by praising their efforts.
- B. He asks the students to talk among themselves in small groups.
- C. He assigns a different part of the textbook to each student.
- D. He calls on each student by name to contribute to the discussion.
- A. More people would begin to travel.
- B. More multinational corporations would produce brands.
- C. More consumers will have the means to afford goods.
- D. More people will want the same products.
- A. He indicates that some companies hire foreign marketing experts.
- B. He criticizes the way that they advertise their programs and films.
- C. He notes that they are one of the most widely distributed exports.
- D. He points out that they are paid to display brand-name products.
READING SECTION
Reading 1 "Resources and Industrialism in Canada"
P1 => While the much-anticipated expansion of the western frontier was unfolding in accordance with the design of the National Policy, a new northern frontier was opening up to enhance the prospects of Canadian industrial development. [ A ] Long the· preserve of the fur trade, the Canadian Shield and the western Cordilleras became a treasury of minerals, timber and hydroelectric power in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. As early as 1883, CPR [Canadian Pacific Railway) construction crews blasting through the rugged terrain of northern Ontario discovered copper and nickel deposits in the vicinity of Sudbury. [ B ] As refining processes, uses, and markets for the metal developed, Sudbury became the world's largest nickel producer. The building of the Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway led to the discovery of rich silver deposits around Cobalt north of Lake Nipissing in 1903 and touched off a mining boom that spread northward to Kirkland Lake and the Porcupine district. [ C ] Although the economic impor tance of these mining operations was enduring, they did not capture the public imagination to the same extent as the Klondike gold rush of the late 1890s. [ D ]
P2 => Fortune-seekers from all parts of the world flocked to the Klondike and Yukon River valleys to pan for gold starting in 1896. At the height of the gold rush in 1898, the previously unsettled subarctic frontier had a population of about 30,000, more than half of which was concentrated in the newly established town of Dawson. In the same year, the federal government created the Yukon Territory, administered by an appointed commissioner, in an effort to ward off the prospect of annexation to Alaska. Even if the economic significance of the Klondike strike was somewhat exaggerated and short-lived, the tales of sudden riches, heroic and tragic exploits, and the rowdiness and lawlessness of the mining frontier were immortalized through popular fiction and folklore, notably the poetic verses of Robert W. Service.
P3 => Perhaps less romantic than the mining booms, the exploitation of forest and water resources was just as vital to national development. The Douglas fir, spruce, and cedar stands of British Columbia along with the white pine forests of Ontario satisfied construction demands on the treeless prair:ies as well as in the growing cities and towns of central Canada and the United States. British Columbia's forests also supplied lumber to Asia. In addition, the softwood forest wealth of the Cordilleras and the Shield was a valuable source of pulpwood for the development of the pulp and paper industry, which made Canada one of the world's leading exporters of newsprint. Furthermore, the fast flowing rivers of the Shield and Cordilleras could readily be harnessed as sources of hydroelectric power, replacing coal in the booming factories of central Canada as well as in the evolving mining and pulp and paper industries. The age of electricity under public ownership and control was ushered in by the creation of the Ontario Hydro-Electric Power Commission (now Ontario Hydro) in 1906 to distribute and eventually to produce this vital source of energy.
P4 => Western settlement and the opening of the northern resource frontier stimulated industrial expansion, particularly in central Canada. As the National Policy had intended, a growing agricultural population in the West increased the demand for eastern manufactured goods, thereby giving rise to agricultural implements works, iron and steel foundries, machine shops, railway yards, textile mills, boot and shoe factories, and numerous smaller manufacturing enterprises that supplied consumer goods. By keeping out lower-priced foreign manufactured goods, the high tariff policies of the federal government received much credit for protecting existing industries and encouraging the creation of new enterprises. To climb the tariff wall, large American industrial firms opened branches in Canada, and the governments of Ontario and Quebec aggressively urged them on by offering bonuses, subsidies, and guarantees to locate new plants within their borders. Canadian industrial enterprises became increasingly attractive to foreign investors, especially from the United States and Great Britain. Much of the over $600 million of American capital that flowed into Canada from 1900 to 1913 was earmarked for mining and the pulp and paper industry, while British investors contributed near $1.8 billion, mostly in railway building, business development, and the construction of urban infrastructure. As a result, the gross value of Canadian manufactured products quadrupled from 1891 to 1916.
- A. Because miners were traveling to camps in the West
- B. Because mineral deposits were discovered when the railroads were built
- C. Because the western frontier was being settled by families
- D. Because traders used the railroads to transport their goods
- A. An important stop on the new railroad line
- B. A large market for the metals produced in Ontario
- C. A major industrial center for the production of nickel
- D. A mining town in the Klondike region
- A. disruptive
- B. restored
- C. identifiable
- D. lasting
- A. To encourage people to settle the region
- B. To prevent Alaska from acquiring it
- C. To establish law and order in the area
- D. To legalize the mining claims
- A. It made the Klondike gold rush famous.
- B. It encouraged families to settle in the Klondike.
- C. It captured the beauty of the western Klondike.
- D. It prevented the Klondike's annexation to Alaska.
- A. by supplying wood for the construction of homes and buildings
- B. by clearing the land for expanded agricultural uses
- C. by producing the power for the hydroelectric plants
- D. by exporting wood and newsprint to foreign markets
- A. develop
- B. recognize
- C. supply
- D. continue
- A. New businesses and industries were created by the federal government to keep the prices of manufactured goods low.
- B. The lower price of manufacturing attracted many foreign businesses and new industries to the area.
- C. Federal taxes on cheaper imported goods were responsible for protecting domestic industries and supporting new businesses.
- D. The federal tax laws made it difficult for manufacturers to sell their goods to foreign markets.
- A. The Canadian government offered incentives.
- B. The raw materials were available in Canada.
- C. The consumers in Canada were eager to buy their goods.
- D. The infrastructure was attractive to investors.
Railway construction through the Kootenay region of southeastern British Columbia also led to significant discoveries of gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc.
Where could the sentence best be added?
- A. A
- B. B
- C. C
- D. D
Reading 2 "Geothermal Energy"
P1 => Geothermal energy is natural heat from the interior of the Earth that is converted to heat buildings and generate electricity. The idea of harnessing Earth's internal heat is not new. As early as 1904, geothermal power was used in Italy. Today, Earth's natural internal heat is being used to generate electricity in 21 countries, including Russia, Japan, New Zealand, Iceland, Mexico, Ethiopia, Guatemala, El Salvador, the Philippines, and the United States. Total worldwide production is approaching 9,000 MW (equivalent to nine large modern coal-burning or nuclear power plants)-double the amount in 1980. Some 40 million people today receive their electricity from geothermal energy at a cost competitive with that of alternative energy sources. In El Salvador, geothermal energy is supplying 30% of the total electric energy used. However, at the global level, geothermal energy supplies less than 0.15% of the total energy supply.
P2 => Geothermal energy may be considered a nonrenewable energy source when rates of extraction are greater than rates of natural replenishment. How ever, geothermal energy has its origin in the natural heat production within Earth, and only a small fraction of the vast total resource base is being utilized today. Although most geothermal energy production involves the tapping of high heat sources, people are also using the low-temperature geothermal energy of groundwater in some applications.
Geothermal Systems
P3 => [ A ] The average heat flow from the interior of the Earth is very low, about 0.06 W/m2 . [ B ] This amount is trivial compared with the 177 W/m2 from solar heat at the surface in the United States. However, in some areas, heat flow is sufficiently high to be useful for producing energy. For the most part, areas of high heat flow are associated with plate tectonic boundaries. Oceanic ridge systems (divergent plate boundaries) and areas where mountains are being uplifted and volcanic island arcs are forming (convergent plate boundaries) are areas where this natural heat flow is anomalously high. [ C ]
P4 => On the basis of geological criteria, several types of hot geothermal systems (with temperatures greater than about 80°C, or 176°F) have been defined, and the resource base is larger than that of fossil fuels and nuclear energy combined. A common system for energy development is hydrothermal convection, characterized by the circulation of steam and/or hot water that transfers heat from depths to the surface. [ D ]
Geothermal Energy and the Environment
P5 => The environmental impact of geothermal energy may not be as extensive as that of other sources of energy. When geothermal energy is developed at a particular site, environmental problems include on-site noise, emissions of gas, and disturbance of the land at drilling sites, disposal sites, roads and pipelines, and power plants. Development of geothermal energy does not require large-scale transportation of raw materials or refining of chemicals, as development of fossil fuels does. Furthermore, geothermal energy does not produce the atmospheric pollutants associated with burning fossil fuels or the radioactive waste associated with nuclear energy. However, geothermal development often does produce considerable thermal pollution from hot waste-waters, which may be saline or highly corrosive.
P6 => Geothermal power is not always popular. For instance, geothermal energy has been produced for years on the island of Hawaii, where active volcanic processes provide abundant near-surface heat. There is controversy, however, over further exploration and development. Native Hawaiians and others have argued that the exploration and development of geothermal energy degrade the tropical forest as developers construct roads, build facilities, and drill wells. In addition, religious and cultural issues in Hawaii relate to the use of geothermal energy. For example, some people are offended by using the "breath and water of Pele" (the volcano goddess) to make electricity. This issue points out the importance of being sensitive to the values and cultures of people where development is planned.
Future of Geothermal Energy
P7 => At present, the United States produces only 2800 MN of geothermal energy. However, if developed, known geothermal resources in the United States could produce about 20,000 MW which is about 10% of the electricity needed for the western states. Geohydrothermal resources not yet discovered could conservatively provide four times that amount (approximately 10% of total U.S. electric capacity), about equivalent to the electricity produced from water power today.
Câu 1: In paragraph 1, how does the author introduce the concept of geothermal energy?
- A. By explaining the history of this energy source worldwide
- B. By arguing that this energy source has been tried unsuccessfully
- C. By comparing the production with that of other energy sources
- D. By describing the alternatives for generating electric power
- A. Because it is a new idea, very few countries are developing geothermal energy sources.
- B. Only countries in the Southern Hemisphere are using geothermal energy on a large scale.
- C. Until the cost of geothermal energy becomes competitive, it will not be used globally.
- D. Geothermal energy is already being used in a number of nations, but it is not yet a major source of power.
- A. The production of geothermal energy is a natural process.
- B. Geothermal energy comes from the Earth.
- C. We are not using very much geothermal energy now.
- D. We could use more geothermal energy than is naturally replaced.
- A. High heat is the source of most of the geothermal energy but low heat groundwater is also used sometimes.
- B. Even though low temperatures are possible, high heat is the best resource for energy production for groundwater.
- C. Both high heat and low heat sources are used for the production of geothermal energy from groundwater.
- D. Most high heat sources for geothermal energy are tapped from applications that involve low heat in groundwater.
- A. It is like solar heat on the Earth's surface.
- B. It happens near tectonic plate boundaries.
- C. It must always be artificially increased.
- D. It may be impractical because of its location.
- A. large
- B. dangerous
- C. steady
- D. unexpected
- A. To introduce the discussion of pollution caused by geothermal energy development and production
- B. To contrast pollution caused by fossil fuels and nuclear power with pollution caused by geothermal energy
- C. To argue that geothermal production does not cause pollution like other sources of energy do
- D. To discourage the use of raw materials and chemicals in the production of energy because of pollution
- A. Geothermal energy has some disadvantages, but it is probably going to be used in the future.
- B. Geothermal energy is a source that should be explored further before large-scale production begins.
- C. Geothermal energy offers an opportunity to supply a significant amount of power in the future.
- D. Geothermal energy should replace water power in the production of electricity for the United States.
One such region is located in the western United States, where recent tectonic and volcanic activity has occurred.
Where could the sentence best be added?
- A. A
- B. B
- C. C
- D. D
Directions: An introduction for a short summary of the passage appears below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that mention the most important points in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not included in the passage or are minor points from the passage.
**Geothermal energy is natural heat from the interior of the Earth that is converted to electricity.**
A. Geothermal energy sources that convert natural heat to electricity account for 30% of the total energy supply in El Salvador at relatively competitive cost to the consumers.
B. Although geothermal energy is nonrenewable when more is used than can be replaced naturally, only a small amount of the potential energy is being exploited worldwide.
C. The heat from geothermal sites is thought to be the breath and water of the volcanic goddess Pele, worshiped by some native groups on the Hawaiian Islands.
D. Hot geothermal systems at both divergent plate boundaries and convergent plate boundaries could provide more energy than fossil fuels and nuclear power.
E. Some groups oppose the exploitation of geothermal sources because of pollution and other environmental problems or because of their cultural values.
F. Thermal waste water can be very corrosive or can contain high levels of saline, which causes problems in disposal and water treatment at development sites.
Điền đáp án đúng vào đây: (“48”)
