PHONETICS
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others in each group.
Câu 1.
- A. orchid
- B. earache
- C. architect
- D. bachelor
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose main stress position is placed differently from that of the others in each group.
Câu 2.
- A. sovereignty
- B. intoxicated
- C. vulnerable
- D. television
LEXICO – GRAMMAR
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase to complete each of the sentences.
Câu 3. The teacher’s leniency towards late submissions made students feel more comfortable.
The word “leniency” is closest in meaning to:
- A. tolerance
- B. strictness
- C. impatience
- D. severity
- A. rash
- B. prudent
- C. impulsive
- D. reckless
- A. that was discovered in a hidden chamber beneath a ruined temple
- B. whose delicate pages required careful preservation techniques
- C. which scholars believe to be one of the oldest written records in existence
- D. which had been dismissed as a forgery until recent scientific analysis proved its authenticity
- A. had made
- B. made
- C. has made
- D. was making
- A. admittance
- B. admiration
- C. admiring
- D. admirers
- A. because policymakers wanted to address concerns raised by recent reports
- B. even though it had initially been considered comprehensive and well-structured
- C. so that it could better reflect the latest research findings and industry standards
- D. whereas previous policies had remained unchanged despite similar concerns
- A. hit the jackpot
- B. bite the bullet
- C. throw in the towel
- D. cut corners
- A. was
- B. were
- C. have been
- D. are
READING
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option to complete each of the blanks from 56 to 60.
The Vanishing Languages of the World
Language is more than just a means of communication; it carries the weight of history, culture, and identity. (11) ________. Yet, with globalization accelerating, many indigenous languages are vanishing at an alarming rate, taking with them irreplaceable worldviews and traditions.
Linguists estimate that nearly half of the world’s 7,000 languages are at risk of extinction within the next century. (12) ________. As younger generations shift toward dominant languages for economic and social mobility, the ancestral tongues of their forebears fade into memory.
The loss of a language is not merely the disappearance of words – it erases unique ways of understanding the world. (13) ________. Many indigenous languages contain concepts and knowledge about nature, medicine, and human relationships that have no direct translation in dominant languages.
Efforts to preserve endangered languages have gained momentum in recent years. (14) ________. Digital tools, community-driven language revitalization programs, and government policies are playing a role in ensuring that these voices are not lost forever.
Ultimately, language is more than a collection of sounds; it is a living archive of human experience. (15) ________. Whether these fading voices will survive the next century depends not only on linguists but on the collective effort of humanity to cherish and protect its linguistic heritage.
Câu 11. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate which answer best fits each space.
- A. The role of language in shaping cultural heritage has been widely studied.
- B. The significance of language lies not only in speech but in its deeper implications.
- C. Language, as an intrinsic element of culture, is not easily lost or revived.
- D. Few aspects of human history reflect societal evolution as profoundly as language.
- A. Many worry that losing these languages also means losing culture.
- B. This shows how language and society are closely connected.
- C. A language may decline, but traces of it can remain in daily life.
- D. Some communities try to preserve their languages, but success varies.
- A. This disappearance often leads to a decline in cultural traditions.
- B. When a language vanishes, much of its unique knowledge is lost as well.
- C. Some languages remain in partial use, but their deeper meanings fade.
- D. Recognizing this loss is essential to understanding language preservation.
- A. This shift has been driven by various factors.
- B. Awareness of language endangerment has increased significantly.
- C. Collaborative efforts have led to meaningful progress.
- D. The role of technology in this movement cannot be overlooked.
- A. Its loss would mean the disappearance of unique worldviews.
- B. The richness of a language lies in the stories and traditions it holds.
- C. Preserving endangered languages is preserving cultural diversity.
- D. Each language carries the history and identity of its speakers.
READING COMPREHENSION
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions that follow from 61 to 65.
Scientists have long known that trillions of bacteria, viruses, and fungi live in and on the human body, forming what is known as the microbiome. However, recent research has revealed that these microorganisms play a far more crucial role in human health than previously thought.
The gut microbiome, in particular, has been linked to digestion, immune function, and even mental health. Studies suggest that a diverse and balanced microbiome can reduce the risk of conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and depression. On the other hand, disruptions to the microbiome – often caused by poor diet, antibiotics, or stress - may contribute to chronic diseases.
One of the most surprising findings is the connection between the gut and the brain, known as the gut-brain axis. Researchers have discovered that gut bacteria produce neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine, which influence mood and cognitive function. This has led to growing interest in probiotics, dietary fiber, and other microbiome-friendly interventions as potential treatments for mental health disorders.
Despite these breakthroughs, many aspects of the microbiome remain a mystery. Scientists continue to explore how different diets, genetics, and lifestyles shape an individual’s microbial community. In the future, personalized medicine based on microbiome analysis could revolutionize how we approach healthcare, offering tailored treatments for various conditions.
Câu 16. What is the primary focus of the passage?
- A. Describing how microorganisms interact with the human body.
- B. Examining the microbiome’s influence on health and disease.
- C. Investigating the causes of bacterial infections.
- D. Exploring the role of the microbiome in evolutionary biology.
- A. Gut Health and Modern Medicine: A New Frontier in Science
- B. The Evolutionary Battle Between Humans and Bacteria
- C. Breaking Down Food: The Primary Role of the Microbiome
- D. The Unseen Forces Within: How Microbes Influence Human Well-Being
- A. It affects digestion, immunity, and even mental well-being.
- B. It protects against all harmful bacteria.
- C. It ensures that the body absorbs all nutrients equally.
- D. It remains stable regardless of diet or lifestyle.
- A. improvements
- B. solutions
- C. breakdowns
- D. adaptations
- A. The future of microbiome research may refine how we understand health, particularly in broad, non-specific terms.
- B. Microbiome research is expected to only lead to significant breakthroughs in the treatment of rare diseases.
- C. Continued exploration of the microbiome could result in more precise medical interventions.
- D. Ongoing studies of the microbiome could offer more tailored healthcare solutions.
