Question 6–10: Each of the following sentences has one error (A, B, C or D). Find it and blacken your choice on your answer sheet.

Câu 6: Almost half of all grandparents lose all contact with their grandchildren after a separation or divorcee, according to a new report.

Question 11–15: Which of the following best restates each of the given sentences?

Câu 11: The Navy SEALs devote themselves to their country.

Question 16–22: Read the passage carefully. Choose an option (A, B, C, or D) that best answers each question.

Obesity was traditionally defined as an increase in body weight that was greater than 20 percent of an individual’s ideal body weight—the weight associated with the lowest risk of death, as determined by certain factors, such as age, height, and gender. Based on these factors, overweight could then be defined as a 15–20 percent increase over ideal body weight. However, today the definitions of overweight and obesity are based primarily on measures of height and weight—not morbidity. These measures are used to calculate a number known as body mass index (BMI). This number, which is central to determining whether an individual is clinically defined as obese, parallels fatness but is not a direct measure of body fat. Interpretation of BMI numbers is based on weight status groupings, such as underweight, healthy weight, overweight, and obese, that are adjusted for age and sex. For all adults over age 20, BMI numbers correlate to the same weight status designations; for example, a BMI between 25.0 and 29.9 equates with overweight and 30.0 and above with obesity. Morbid obesity (also known as extreme, or severe, obesity) is defined as a BMI of 40.0 or higher.

Obesity may be undesirable from an aesthetic sense, especially in parts of the world where slimness is the popular preference, but it is also a serious medical problem. Generally, obese persons have a shorter life expectancy; they suffer earlier, more often, and more severely from a large number of diseases than do their normal-weight counterparts. For example, people who are obese are also frequently affected by diabetes; in fact, worldwide, roughly 90 percent of type II diabetes cases are caused by excess weight. Obesity is also a significant cause of cancer; by 2018, overweight and obesity were responsible for about 1 in every 25 cancers diagnosed worldwide. In the United States, researchers found that the incidence of obesity-related cancer was increasing among relatively young adults aged 25 to 49.

The association between obesity and the deterioration of cardiovascular health, which manifests in conditions such as diabetes and hypertension (abnormally high blood pressure), places obese persons at risk for accelerated cognitive decline as they age. Investigations of brain size in persons with long-term obesity revealed that increased body fat is associated with the atrophy (wasting away) of brain tissue, particularly in the temporal and frontal lobes of the brain. In fact, both overweight and obesity, and thus a BMI of 25 or higher, are associated with reductions in brain size, which increases the risk of dementia, the most common form of which is Alzheimer disease.

Obese women are often affected by infertility, taking longer to conceive than normal-weight women, and obese women who become pregnant are at an increased risk of miscarriage. Men who are obese are also at increased risk of fertility problems, since excess body fat is associated with decreased testosterone levels. In general, relative to normal-weight individuals, obese individuals are more likely to die prematurely of degenerative diseases of the heart, arteries, and kidneys, and they have an increased risk of developing cancer. Obese individuals also have an increased risk of death from accidents and constitute poor surgical risks. Mental health is affected; behavioral consequences of an obese appearance, ranging from shyness and withdrawal to overly bold self-assertion, may be rooted in neuroses and psychoses.
(https://www.britannica.com/science/obesity)

Câu 16: What does the passage mainly about?

Question 23–30: Read the passage carefully. Choose an option (A, B, C, or D) that best answers each question.

Deforestation, the large-scale clearing of forests, is one of the most critical environmental issues facing the world today. Forests are vital to maintaining the Earth's ecological balance by absorbing carbon dioxide and producing oxygen, regulating temperatures, and providing habitats for countless species. However, excessive deforestation for agriculture, urbanization, and industrial purposes has caused severe consequences.

One of the most significant impacts of deforestation is its contribution to climate change. Trees act as carbon sinks, absorbing vast amounts of CO2 from the atmosphere. When forests are destroyed, this carbon is released back into the air, exacerbating global warming. Additionally, the loss of tree cover disrupts local weather patterns, often leading to desertification and more frequent natural disasters like floods and droughts.

Deforestation also poses a direct threat to biodiversity. Forests are home to about 80% of terrestrial animals, plants, and fungi. When their habitats are destroyed, countless species face extinction. For example, the orangutan population in Southeast Asia has declined drastically due to deforestation for palm oil plantations. This loss of biodiversity not only impacts ecosystems but also threatens human livelihoods, particularly those of indigenous communities that depend on forests for survival.

Beyond environmental and ecological impacts, deforestation has social and economic consequences. The removal of forests can lead to soil erosion, reducing agricultural productivity in the long term. Moreover, deforestation affects water cycles, depleting water resources essential for farming and drinking. In some cases, it displaces communities, forcing people to migrate in search of new livelihoods, which can lead to social unrest.

Despite these challenges, there is hope if swift actions are taken. Governments and organizations worldwide are implementing policies to combat deforestation, such as promoting sustainable farming practices, reforestation projects, and stricter regulations on logging. Public awareness and education are also essential in reducing the demand for products that contribute to deforestation, such as certain types of paper and non-sustainable palm oil.

Câu 23: What is the main idea of the passage?