Question 32. When the teacher entered, the students stopped _______ and paid attention.

Question 33. The _______ you practice speaking English, the more fluent you will become.

Question 34. The Olympic Games in Tokyo _______ in 2021

Question 35. She felt very _______ because she couldn't solve the difficult math problem.

Questions 36-40: Each of the following sentences has one error (A, B, C, or D). Find it and blacken your choice on your answer sheet.

Question 36. Abraham Lincolns boyhood home resembled those of many others midwestern pioneers, with its dirt floor, sleeping loft, and crude fireplace.

Question 37. When the manager entered the office yesterday morning, he realized that someone has left the documents on his desk

Question 38. The new policy, which aims to reduce plastic consumption, has sparked debate among environmentalists, many of who argue that the measures do not go far enough

Question 39. His roommate is not very clever student, but he certainly works very hard indeed.

Question 40. Forgetting something usually mean an inability to retrieve the material that is still stored somewhere in the memory

Questions 41-45: Which of the following best restates each of the given sentences?

Question 41. "I won't tell anyone your secret," Tom said to her.

Question 42. It was such a difficult exam that most students failed to finish it on time.

Question 43. The last time Peter played chess was two months ago.

Question 44. Of all the girls in her class, Anna is the prettiest.

Question 45. If I were you, I would have taken it home

Questions 46-52: Read the passage carefully.

The history of Valentine's Day—and the story of the patron saint of lovers—is shrouded in mystery. We do know that February has long been celebrated as a month of romance and that Valentine's Day, as we know it today, contains vestiges of both Christian and ancient Roman tradition. But who was St. Valentine, and how did he become associated with this ancient rite?

The Catholic Church recognizes at least three different saints named Valentine or Valentinus who were martyred in the third century A.D. One legend contends that Valentine was a priest in Rome. When Emperor Claudius II Gothicus decided that single men made better soldiers than those with wives and families, he outlawed marriage for young men. Valentine, realizing the injustice of the decree, defied Claudius and continued to marry couples in secret. When Valentine's actions were discovered, Claudius ordered his execution. Others insist St. Valentine of Interamna (modern-day Terni, Italy), a bishop, is the true namesake of the holiday. He, too, was beheaded during Claudius II's reign for refusing to renounce his faith and converting new followers.

Other stories suggest Valentine might have been killed for attempting to help Christians escape harsh Roman prisons, where they were often beaten and tortured. According to one legend, an imprisoned Valentine actually sent the first "valentine" greeting, himself, after he fell in love with a young girl—possibly his jailor's daughter—who visited him during his confinement.

Before his death, it is alleged that he wrote her a letter signed "From your Valentine," an expression that is still in use today. Although the truth behind the Valentine legends is murky, the stories all emphasize his appeal as a sympathetic, heroic and—most importantly—romantic figure. By the Middle Ages, perhaps thanks to this reputation, Valentine had become one of the most popular saints in England and France.

(Adapted from https://www.history.com/)

Question 46. What is the main purpose of the passage?

Question 47. The word "shrouded" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to:

Question 48. According to the passage, what did Emperor Claudius II believe?

Question 49. Why did Valentine perform marriages in secret?

Question 50. Which of the following is TRUE about St. Valentine of Interamna?

Question 51. According to legend, why did Valentine send the first valentine greeting?

Question 52. Which of the following best describes the tone of the passage?

Questions 53-60: Read the passage carefully.

Throughout history, humans have attempted to manipulate the natural environment, often with unintended consequences. One striking example is the introduction of invasive species, organisms transported, deliberately or accidentally, into new ecosystems where they thrive at the expense of native flora and fauna. While globalization and trade accelerate this phenomenon, its ecological and economic repercussions remain profound.

Consider the case of the cane toad in Australia. Initially brought in during the 1930s to control agricultural pests, the species proliferated uncontrollably, devastating local wildlife populations. Native predators were unequipped to handle the toads' toxic skin, leading to cascading disruptions across food chains. Similarly, invasive plants such as kudzu in the United States spread rapidly, smothering forests and diminishing biodiversity.

Economically, invasive species impose staggering costs. Farmers lose crops, governments spend billions on eradication efforts, and fisheries collapse under the pressure of new competitors. Yet eradication proves notoriously difficult once an invasive species is established, as they often reproduce quickly and lack natural enemies in their new habitats.

Addressing this issue requires international collaboration, as invasive species do not respect political borders. Preventative measures such as stricter biosecurity checks, public awareness campaigns, and ecological monitoring are far more effective than reactive ones. Ultimately, the challenge lies in balancing human development with ecological preservation, acknowledging that interventions in nature can yield irreversible consequences.

Question 54. The word proliferated in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to:

Question 55. Why did the cane toad create ecological problems in Australia?

Question 56. Which of the following is given as another example of invasive species?

Question 57. According to the passage, what makes eradication efforts challenging?

Question 58. The word irreversible in the last paragraph most likely means:

Question 59. What is suggested as the best way to combat invasive species?

Question 60. What is the main idea of the passage?