Question 2.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.

Question 3.

Question 4.

PART II: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

Question 5. The city is modernising its public transport system by replacing old buses with a new electric fleet.

Question 6. The lack of green space is a major concern for most of the urban planners in the world today.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 

Question 7. The government encourages young people to seek opportunities in their hometowns instead of migrating.

Question 8. The government has introduced new policies to support rural areas and slow down the migration to cities.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 9. The more high-rise buildings are constructed, ______ green space is left for parks and recreational areas.

Question 10. Many young people move to big cities with the hope of finding better jobs and improving their living ______.

Question 11. It is the first time our city ______ such a severe traffic congestion problem during the rush hour.

Question 12. The rising cost of ______ in major cities makes it difficult for young families to buy their own homes.

Question 13. ______ people migrate to urban areas, the more pressure is put on the existing city infrastructure.

Question 14. Since they started using farmland for building houses, many towns ______ into large and crowded cities.

Question 15. Urbanisation offers numerous benefits, but it also leads to significant ______ challenges like pollution.

Question 16. This is the most significant urban development project the government ______ in the last two decades.

Question 17. With new funding, the city plans to ______ the quality and frequency of its existing bus services.

Question 18. The more polluted the air in cities becomes, ______ it is for residents to suffer from respiratory diseases.

Question 19. The city's population ______ gradually over the past fifty years, transforming it into a major metropolis.

Question 20. In connected speech, grammatical words like auxiliary verbs, prepositions, and articles are usually ______.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best completes each of the following exchanges.

Question 21. Nam: "I think urbanisation can cause problems like traffic jams and overcrowding."

Question 22. Mai: "I'm sorry, but there's always loud music coming from your flat late at night."

PART III: READING
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

Urbanisation is a global phenomenon that has reshaped societies and landscapes. As people flock to cities in search of better economic opportunities and improved services, urban areas (23)______ at an unprecedented rate. This growth brings both advantages and disadvantages. On one hand, cities are hubs of innovation, culture, and commerce, offering residents a wide array of leisure (24)______ and services. On the other hand, the rapid influx of people can lead to significant problems.

Overcrowding, traffic congestion, and a shortage of (25)______ housing are common issues. Furthermore, the environmental impact can be severe, with increased pollution and pressure on natural resources. Governments and city planners face the complex task of managing this growth sustainably to ensure that cities remain liveable and prosperous for all (26). They must find ways to modernise infrastructure, provide essential services, and (27) green spaces, balancing development with environmental protection.

Question 23.

Question 24.

Question 25.

Question 26.

Question 27.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

The 'Ha Noi Then and Now' exhibition has attracted thousands of visitors. The pictures show how the city has changed over the years. In the 'Then' hall, visitors can see pictures of 20th-century Ha Noi. Back in 1954, it was a small city with a population of about 530,000 residents in an area of about 152 sq km. The capital's famous Old Quarter or '36 old streets' dates back hundreds of years, with each street focusing on a different trade or craft.

The 'Now' pictures show a modern city with a population of over 8 million people. Over the years, the urban area has gradually expanded to over 3,000 sq km. As more residents move into Ha Noi, the government is providing more affordable housing. More high-rise buildings have also been built. The city is modernising its public transport infrastructure with new roads and bridges. The Ha Noi Metro opened to the public in 2021 and is expected to include more lines by 2030.

However, urbanisation has created new problems. 'As more people come to seek better job opportunities, the city is getting more and more crowded. This has led to more traffic jams and higher unemployment rates,' said a 21-year-old student. Air pollution is also causing serious concern among city residents.

Question 28. What is the main purpose of the passage?

Question 29. According to the passage, what was a feature of Ha Noi in 1954?

Question 30. The word "gradually" in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.